This circuit has been drawn in order to it changes regular signals VGA, standard RGB and the complex signal of timing. circuit is simple because signal RGB from the VGA is ready in standart level 0,7 Vpp and in 75W charge. For the signals of timing exists a circuit that changes the horizontal and vertical in complex. The circuit is simple based on a TTL completed with four gates XOR, two resistances and two capacitors. His choice completed TTL it is reasonable because the signals of timing of VGA they are signals TTL. The converter of signals of timing is system that regulates the difference of polarity of signals, so complex signal it is always right. Card VGA uses different polarities in the signals of timing in order to it informs the Monitor anymore analysis it uses. This circuit regulates the changes polarity the signals in least from 200 mSec, that are faster and from the time of regulation of common Monitor VGA. The circuit in order to function need stabilized tendency + 5V (+/- 5%) and current 120mA.
MANUFACTURE
Converter VGA in TV is easy in the manufacture to him it is enough exists a relative experience in the manufactures electronic. The circuit can be manufactured on one small EPOXY board. Remember only to connect also the completed circuit with the catering of 5V (in the drawing it does not appear). The circuit in order to it rightly functions it needs without fail stabilized tendency consequently it should you use also a REGULATOR LM7805. In the entry the 7805 the tendency should be from 9 until 16V so that it accomplishes us it gives the desirable stabilized tendency of 5V in his exit. Tendency from 9 until 16V we can him take also from our computer or from exterior small power supply's socket. From the computer we can we take from the following points: from door RS232, from the parallel door , from the PS2 and finally from a gambling chip of catering by his interior computer. Big attention should be given in him you stick that you will make and in the wiring of circuit, you avoid the chills you stick why the circuit functions in big frequency and sure will be created instabilities in the circuit with result bad quality of picture or even lack timing in the screen of TV. Be careful in order that the soldering is clean and glazing thus you will only be sure that the soldering has become right. For the wiring you are used shielded cables blentaz and ground the thorax of cables in the board's chassis. Good it is manufacture it is placed in a plastic box and it is placed and a connector EURO/scart female for placement in chassis.
Good success.
MATERIALLY
U1: 74LS86
C1: 22mF
C2: 2,2 mF
R1, r2: 2k2
R3, r4, r5: 2k2
R6, r7, r9: 47k
R8: 120
T1, t2: 2N2222
Cable of connection VGA male 15pin sub D (DE 15)
Output connector 21pin EURO/scart female
:: موضوعات مرتبط:
،
، :: برچسبها:
مدار الکترونیکی,
مدار الکترونیکی vga به tv,
وی جی آ به تی وی,
Detects the amount of salt contained in liquid foods
Three-level LED indicator
Parts:
R1________________470R 1/4W Resistor
R2,R5______________10K 1/4W Resistors
R3,R6_____________220K 1/4W Resistors
R4__________________5K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R7________________680R 1/4W Resistor
R8__________________2K2 1/4W Resistor
R9,R10,R11,R12,R13__1K 1/4W Resistors
C1________________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1,D2,D3______3 or 5mm. Red LEDs
D4____________3 or 5mm. Green LED
D5____________3 or 5mm. Yellow LED
IC1_______________LM324 Low Power Quad Op-amp
P1_________________SPST Pushbutton
Probes_________________ (See Text)
B1___________________9V PP3 Battery
Clip for PP3 Battery
Device purpose:
This circuit was designed to detect the approximate percentage of salt contained in a liquid. After careful setting it can be useful to persons needing a quick, rough indication of the salt content in liquid foods for diet purposes etc.
Circuit operation:
IC1A op-amp is wired as a DC differential amplifier and its output voltage increases as the DC resistance measured at the probes decreases. In fact, fresh water has a relatively high DC resistance value that will decrease proportionally as an increasing amount of salt is added.
IC1B, IC1C and IC1D are wired as comparators and drive D5, D4 and D3 in turn, as the voltage at their inverting inputs increase. Therefore, no LED will be on when the salt content of the liquid under test is very low, yellow LED D5 will illuminate when the salt content is low, green LED D4 will illuminate if the salt content is normal and red LED D3 will illuminate if the salt content is high.
D1 and D2 are always on, as their purpose is to provide two reference voltages, thus improving circuit precision. At D2 anode a stable 3.2V supply feeds the non-inverting inputs of the comparators by means of the reference resistor chain R8, R9 and R10. The 1.6V reference voltage available at D1 anode feeds the probes and the set-up trimmer R4.
One of these two red LEDs may be used as a pilot light to show when the device is on.
Probes:
It was found by experiment that a good and cheap probe can be made using a 6.3mm. mono jack plug. The two plug leads are connected to the circuit input by means of a two-wire cable (a piece of screened cable works fine).
The metal body of the jack is formed by two parts of different length, separated by a black plastic ring. You should try to cover the longest part with insulating tape in order to obtain an exposed metal surface of the same length of the tip part, i.e. about 8 to 10mm. starting from the black plastic ring.
In the prototype, three tablespoons of liquid were poured into a cylindrical plastic cap of 55mm. height and 27mm. diameter, then the metal part of the jack probe was immersed in the liquid.
Notes:
Wait at least 30 seconds to obtain a reliable reading.
Wash and wipe carefully the probe after each test.
To setup the circuit and to obtain a more precise reading, you may use a DC voltmeter in the 10V range connected across pin #1 of IC1A and negative supply.
Set R4 to obtain a zero reading on the voltmeter when the probe is immersed in fresh water.
You may change at will the threshold voltage levels at which the LEDs illuminate by trimming R4. Vary R8 value to change D4 range and R9 value to change D5 range.
P1 pushbutton may be substituted by a common SPST switch.
:: موضوعات مرتبط:
،
، :: برچسبها:
مدار الکترونیکی,
تستر نمک,
مدار الکرترونیکی تستر نمک,
Read before building:
This device produces high voltage pulses discrupting muscles and nervous sYstem, leaving anyone who touches it in a state of menthal confusion. Can be used agains ferocious animals or attackers, BUT REMEMBER, this device may be illegal in your state (for eg where I live, these devices are banned). It is quite dangeros for peoples experiencing cardiac problems, and for electronic equipment (like peacemakers), since it generates some RF. Don't attept irresponsible actions with this device, it is not a toy.
After the introduction let's pass to the circuit.
The 555 IC is wired as a astable to produce square wave with adjustable freq and duty cycle (notice the potentiomenters and diode). This square wave is feed to a IRF840 Mosfet (no need of totem transistors since freq is low and the IC has enough current capability to rapidly charge/discharge the gate). As a substitute of the mosfet, a bipolar transistor can be used (and a 100ohm resistor between 555 and base of the transistor). Valid BJT can be BU406, but also smaller BJT can be ok, keep in mind that it must handle at least 2A continuous. The inductive kick snubber isn't needed because the power is low and it is almost totally adsorbed to charge the tank capacitor, in addition since this device is battery operated we don't want to dissipate the power on a resistor but we want it in sparks. With a snubbing network you will experience lower firing rates. USE A PUSHBUTTON SWITCH FOR SAFETY
Construction of T2: this is the real boring part. Since it is unlikely to find it in shops we need to build them. Materials needed: enamel copper wire (0,20 mm or 0,125 mm), ferrite stick, LDPE sheets (0,25 mm). Secure the ferrite stick with a layer of ldpe (polyethilene, as a substiture use electric insulating tape) and glue it (or tape it) Place 200-250 windings on the ldpe (even more windings if the stick is more than 1'), another ldpe layer, another 200-250 windings and so on to finally have 5-6 layers (approx 1000-1400 turns but even more doesn't hurt performance, but be careful for internar arcing that will ruin it). Insulate it again and place the primary winding, 15-20 turns of 1mm wire are just ok, too much windings (too mush resistance and inductance) will lead to smaller current and smaller spike in T2 secondary because of lower rise time,and too few will not saturate the core. I chosen MKP capacitors because they have low ESR and ESL (they are widely used in tesla coils as mmc capacitors).
The spark gap can be simple two crossed (but not touching) 1 mm spaced wires. It acts as a voltage controlled switch, firing when
the voltage is enough to ionize the air between them (turning it to plasma with small resistance). Keep in mind that it would
be wise do place it into a small plastic container and fill with oil letting bubbles out (don't use motor oir or frying oil
but pure mineral oil which has no water in it.
:: موضوعات مرتبط:
،
، :: برچسبها:
مدار الکترونیکی,
مدار الکترونیکی شوکر الکتریکی,
شوکر الکتریکی,
در این بخش متخصصین و مهندسین الکترونیک سایت ما تمام تلاش خود را به کار بسته اند تا با طراحی و ساخت جدیدترین مدارات الکترونیکی روز دنیا، آنها را در اختیار پژوهشگران علاقه مند در این زمینه قرار دهند تا زمینه های پیشرفت و بالندگی روز افزون آن ها را هموار کنند.
ما در این وبلاگ تلاش داریم تا با معرفی تکنولوژی های برتر روز دنیا به جوانان و علاقه مندان به علم در این مرز و بوم آریایی و علم دوست، قدمی کوچک در جهت انقلاب علمی دانشمندان بزرگ ایران عزیز برداریم. با آرزوی موفقیت.
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